According to Roman mythology, Jupiter was called the king of the gods.  In Greek mythology, he is called Zeus.  He is sometimes called Jove. Jupiter was considered to be the god or rain, thunder, and lightning.  His wife was Juno.

The planet Jupiter was named after Jupiter because according to Roman mythology Jupiter is the king of the gods in the Roman pantheon. Jupiter is also the largest planet in the solar system and so the king of the gods has the largest planet named after him.

Thanks to free clip art by Phillip Martin.

The Romans felt their emperors were god-like. Romans in the eastern part of the emperor, near Egypt and Western Asia  worshipped the emperor. In the Western Empire people worshipped symbols of the emperors in place of the emperor himself.

Inside each Roman home was a small chapel called the lararium or sacrarium. It contained an altar and hearth where the sacred flame burned. Small wax statues representing the gods were also kept in the homes.

The Romans also thought the gods lived in the sacred woods around fountains.

 from http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210200/ancient_rome/gods.htm